ISTANBUL The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell from the US, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan for their discoveries in the field of peripheral immune tolerance, which hold promise for more effective treatments of autoimmune diseases and cancer, on Monday. The announcement was made at a press conference held at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. Brunkow, Ramsdell, and Sakaguchi received the award for their discoveries related to the mechanism of peripheral