In 1940, as Adolf Hitler gained more power and territory across a widening swath of Western Europe, the leaders of Norway’s democratically elected government fled Oslo and a Nazi puppet regime was installed. Among the first to protest the Nazi takeover of Norway were the country’s teachers. And since pins and badges with the likeness of the exiled king were now illegal, teachers and students used a clever, subtle signal to show their resistance. They wore paper clips. Frustrated that teachers