Among the Democratic Party rank and file, U.S. policy toward Israel is more salient now than it has been in decades. The Middle East has been in a growing state of turmoil since Hamas’s shocking attack on October 7, 2023, which killed about 1,200 mostly noncombatants and took another 250 civilians, soldiers, and non-Israelis as hostages. Much of the world, appalled by the mass shooting of hundreds of young people at a music festival, briefly sympathized with Israel and conceded it a right of