- The author is an associate professor of international relations at Ege University in Izmir, Türkiye. ISTANBUL We are living in an age where cutting-edge AI models are introduced on a near-daily basis. Tech giants such as Anthropic, Google, Meta, and OpenAI invest billions of dollars to develop these new models. At its core, an AI model – a large language model (LLM) in this case – is a predictive algorithm that estimates the next token – simply a part of a word – based on carefully derived