Practically every person in the Middle East has been affected by the chain of events put into motion by Hamas’s October 7, 2023, attack on Israel. Tens of thousands of people, mostly Gazans, have been killed, millions have been displaced, and billions of dollars in damage has been inflicted. It’s not surprising, then, that the perspective of tens of millions of people has shifted. Polling by Arab Barometer, a survey project that we co-lead with others, conducted in the months after October 7