Chinese Academy of Sciences Jun 26 2026 Reviewed IRI is a shared pathological process in myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, acute kidney injury, lung injury, and graft dysfunction after transplantation. Although rapid reperfusion remains essential for tissue survival, sudden oxygen restoration can activate sterile inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endothelial dysfunction, and immunothrombosis. Neutrophils arrive early at injured sites and release inflammatory