Completed before the spectacular collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria in December 2024, this book provides a detailed portrait of the jihadi opposition force that would take over the country. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham emerged in 2017 as an offshoot of the al-Nusra Front, a U.S.-designated terrorist organization that had its own origins in the insurgency against the U.S. occupation of Iraq. HTS was also affiliated with the Islamic State, or ISIS, and al-Qaeda. During the Syrian civil war,