Nigeria’s security challenges are immense. According to one estimate, the country recorded nearly 12,000 conflict-related deaths in 2025—a toll exceeding the peak fatalities recorded during the height of the Boko Haram insurgency in 2014 (11,346 deaths) and more than those suffered in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen combined in 2025. An Afrobarometer survey published in August 2025 found that two out of three Nigerians say that the country is no safer today than it was five years ago. Forms of