Keiko Ito is a Professor at the Faculty of Commerce, Chuo University and a Project Member at RIETI. Prior to her current position, she was a Professor (2012-2018), Associate Professor (2006-2012), and Lecturer (2004-2006) at the School of Economics, Senshu University; Staff-on-loan at the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (2016-2017); Visiting Fellow at the Center on Japanese Economy and Business, Columbia University (2007-2008); and Research Assistant Professor at the