It may take up to two decades before quantum computing's potential is realised, but countries and corporations are investing heavily in this potentially game-changing technology so that they can be ahead of the pack. In a highly secure lab in the United States, at technology company IBM's research facility just outside of New York City, a cryogenic refrigerator hums away, keeping temperatures ultra-cold – icier than the depths of outer space. Also known as a dilution refrigerator, it keeps